AI-generated with SlideGen

Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes

A Class 12 NEB Chemistry project on catalysts in industry

16 slides83 views
Remix this deck Make your own — free
Share on XShare on LinkedIn
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes
Class 12 NEB Chemistry Project Student Name: __________ Roll Number: __________ School Name: __________ Date: __________
1 / 16
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes
Class 12 NEB Chemistry Project Student Name: __________ Roll Number: __________ School Name: __________ Date: __________
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes1 / 16
Acknowledgement
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    Gratitude to our school for resources and support
  • ●
    Special thanks to our Chemistry teacher for guidance
  • ●
    Appreciation to the Principal for encouragement
  • ●
    Thanks to classmates for collaboration
  • ●
    Gratitude to parents for their constant support
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes2 / 16
Introduction to Catalysts
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    A **catalyst** speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed
  • ●
    Catalysts lower **activation energy** for faster reactions
  • ●
    Essential in **industrial processes** for efficiency and cost-effectiveness
  • ●
    Used in over **90% of industrial chemical processes** worldwide
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes3 / 16
Learning Objectives
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    Define what a **catalyst** is and its key characteristics
  • ●
    Explain how catalysts **lower activation energy**
  • ●
    Identify **types of catalysts** and their uses
  • ●
    Describe **industrial applications** of catalysts
  • ●
    Understand **advantages and limitations** of catalysts
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes4 / 16
What is a Catalyst?
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    Definition: A substance that **increases reaction rate** without being used up
  • ●
    Characteristics: **Not consumed**, **specific**, **effective in small amounts**
  • ●
    Works by providing an **alternative reaction pathway**
  • ●
    **Activation energy**: Energy barrier for a reaction to occur
  • ●
    **Catalytic cycle**: Catalyst interacts with reactants, forms intermediates, releases products
  • ●
    Types: **Homogeneous** (same phase) and **Heterogeneous** (different phase)
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes5 / 16
Types of Catalysts
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    **Homogeneous catalysts**: Same phase as reactants (e.g., **enzymes** in liquid)
  • ●
    **Heterogeneous catalysts**: Different phase (e.g., **solid catalysts** in gas/liquid reactions)
  • ●
    **Positive catalysts**: Speed up reactions (e.g., **platinum** in catalytic converters)
  • ●
    **Negative catalysts (Inhibitors)**: Slow down reactions (e.g., **lead** in polymerization)
  • ●
    **Enzyme catalysts**: Biological catalysts (e.g., **catalase** breaks down hydrogen peroxide)
  • ●
    Comparison: Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous in **efficiency, cost, and ease of separation**
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes6 / 16
How Catalysts Work
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
Reaction energy diagram showing uncatalyzed vs. catalyzed pathways with labeled activation energy
Reaction energy diagram showing uncatalyzed vs. catalyzed pathways with labeled activation energy
  • ●
    Catalysts provide an **alternative pathway** with lower activation energy
  • ●
    Reactants bind to the catalyst surface (**adsorption**)
  • ●
    Reaction occurs, products form and **desorb** from the catalyst
  • ●
    Catalyst remains **chemically unchanged** after the reaction
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes7 / 16
Industrial Applications of Catalysts
Section summary or transition context...
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes8 / 16
Major Industrial Processes Using Catalysts
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    **Haber Process**: Produces **ammonia (NH₃)** using **iron (Fe) catalyst**
  • ●
    **Contact Process**: Produces **sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)** using **V₂O₅ catalyst**
  • ●
    **Ostwald Process**: Produces **nitric acid (HNO₃)** using **platinum-rhodium catalyst**
  • ●
    **Hydrogenation**: Converts oils to **margarine** using **nickel (Ni) catalyst**
  • ●
    **Catalytic Cracking**: Breaks down **petroleum** into gasoline using **zeolite catalysts**
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes9 / 16
Important Industrial Catalysts
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    **Haber Process** | **Iron (Fe)** | **Ammonia (NH₃)**
  • ●
    **Contact Process** | **Vanadium(V) Oxide (V₂O₅)** | **Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)**
  • ●
    **Ostwald Process** | **Platinum-Rhodium** | **Nitric Acid (HNO₃)**
  • ●
    **Hydrogenation** | **Nickel (Ni)** | **Margarine**
  • ●
    **Catalytic Cracking** | **Zeolite** | **Petrol**
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes10 / 16
Chemical Equations of Key Processes
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    **Haber Process**: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ (Fe catalyst, 450°C, 200 atm)
  • ●
    **Contact Process**: 2SO₂ + O₂ → 2SO₃ (V₂O₅ catalyst, 450°C)
  • ●
    **Ostwald Process**: 4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O (Pt-Rh catalyst, 900°C)
  • ●
    **Hydrogenation**: C₁₈H₃₄O₂ (liquid) + H₂ → C₁₈H₃₆O₂ (solid) (Ni catalyst, 200°C)
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes11 / 16
Applications and Uses of Catalysts
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    **Fertilizer production**: Ammonia for **urea and nitrates**
  • ●
    **Fuel production**: Gasoline, diesel, and **biofuels**
  • ●
    **Plastic manufacturing**: Polymerization reactions
  • ●
    **Food industry**: **Hydrogenation** of oils and fats
  • ●
    **Pharmaceuticals**: Drug synthesis (e.g., **aspirin**)
  • ●
    **Pollution control**: **Catalytic converters** reduce vehicle emissions
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes12 / 16
Advantages and Limitations of Catalysts
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    **Advantages**
  • ●
    Increase **reaction speed** significantly
  • ●
    Reduce **energy consumption** and costs
  • ●
    Enable **higher product yield**
  • ●
    Support **eco-friendly processes** with less waste
  • ●
    Allow reactions at **lower temperatures**
  • ●
    **Limitations**
  • ●
    **Catalyst poisoning**: Impurities deactivate the catalyst
  • ●
    **High initial cost**: Expensive materials (e.g., platinum)
  • ●
    **Deactivation over time**: Requires replacement or regeneration
  • ●
    **Sensitive conditions**: Temperature, pressure, and pH must be controlled
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes13 / 16
“
Catalysts are essential for efficient, economical, and sustainable industrial chemical processes
Class 12 NEB Chemistry
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes14 / 16
References
Slide subtitle or context (optional)...
  • ●
    National Examination Board (NEB), Nepal. (2023). Class 12 Chemistry Curriculum.
  • ●
    Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education. (2022). Chemistry Textbook for Class 12.
  • ●
    Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., Bursten, B. E., Murphy, C. J., & Woodward, P. (2017). Chemistry: The Central Science (14th ed.). Pearson.
  • ●
    Atkins, P., & Jones, L. (2010). Chemical Principles (6th ed.). W. H. Freeman.
  • ●
    Royal Society of Chemistry. (2021). Catalysis in Industry. https://www.rsc.org
  • ●
    Khan Academy. (2023). Chemistry: Catalysts and Reaction Rates. https://www.khanacademy.org
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes15 / 16
Thank You
Any Questions?
Role of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes16 / 16

Like this deck? Make your own in 60 seconds.

SlideGen is the free AI PPT maker. No login, no watermark, unlimited generations — supported by a few discreet ads instead of the $20/month subscription everyone else charges.

Try SlideGen — Free